Like other industries that exploit animals, dairy production is inherently inhumane. Cows used for milk endure the same extreme confinement, painful procedures, and slaughter as other animals in our food system. They are also continuously impregnated only to have their calves taken from them within hours of birth—an almost unimaginable heartbreak for both mother and baby.
Cows, like all mammals, must give birth to produce milk. For cows used by the dairy industry, life is a constant cycle of artificial insemination, pregnancy, birth, and separation—followed by nearly continuous mechanized milking. In 2019, the average cow in the U.S. dairy industry was forced to produce more than 23,000 lbs. of milk in a year—more than double the amount produced 40 years prior. This unnatural rate of production, combined with damage caused to the udders by milking machines, contributes to painful infections like mastitis.
The trauma caused by dairy farming doesn’t end with mother cows. Calves separated hours after birth often cry out for their mothers for days, so much so that their throats become raw and inflamed. They may eat less, lose weight, and become sick from the stress of separation.
Female calves are often used in dairy production, while males also face a grim fate, as they are of little use to an industry that profits off of milk production. Millions of males are sold to be raised and slaughtered for beef or veal. While many milk drinkers are vegetarian—or view veal as abjectly cruel—the reality is that the dairy and veal industries are inextricably linked. In fact, it’s actually the dairy industry that keeps veal producers in business.
Cows can naturally live for 20 years or more. In the dairy industry, however, they are considered “spent” and marked for slaughter once their milk production declines, around four to six years of age. Whether they are killed because their bodies are worn down or because they were born male, nearly all cows used for dairy in the U.S. meet the same end as other animals in our food system: premature and inhumane slaughter.
That’s why Farm Sanctuary encourages plant-based alternatives to dairy—and why we work tirelessly to rescue and care for cows like Diane.